Satellite assembly
Assembly containing no executable code—only resources. Typically, satellite assemblies are used for storing localized data. Satellite assembles can be added, modified, and loaded into a .NET application at runtime without recompiling. Use the Assembly Linking Utility to create satellite assemblies by compiling .resource files.
Saturn
Code name for original ASP.NET Web Matrix.
Script
A script is lines of source code stored in a file that will be executed by an interpreter.
Seamless computing
Term indicating that a user should be able to move through various hardware and software contexts effortlessly and intuitively.
Secure Execution Environment
As part of Microsoft's Trustworthy Computing initiative, SEE is a secure, managed-code, runtime environment designed to protect against deviant applications in the Microsoft Longhorn operating system.
Semaphore
A token passed between two or more devices and used for sharing a common resource. When multiple processes compete for the same kernel resources, this programming technique is used to coordinate their activities. Commonly, semaphores are used for sharing a common memory space or file access. Semaphores are one of the techniques available for interprocess communication.
Serialization
Conversion of an object (instance) into a data stream of bytes. Serialization is a method of persisting objects for storage in a database, to various media, or during marshaling—the process of moving an object to a new application domain, context, process, or system. Serialization is performed by the Common Language Runtime (CLR).
Server
Refers to either the software or system providing information services on request to a client.
Server-side
Indicates that an event or process occurs on the server system rather than on the client system.
Service
Application providing functionality to other applications. An essential part of distributed architecture, services are available on servers and interact with applications through an application program interface (API) with no human interaction. A service may operate in a tightly coupled (synchronous) or loosely-coupled (asynchronous) manner.
Servlet
A Java servlet is an application which runs in a servlet container using a framework for servicing data requests. Most commonly servlets service HTTP requests as part of a dynamic Web site. JavaServer Pages are impleneted as servlets.
SGML
Standard Generalized Markup Language is the standard markup language of the publishing industry defined by international standard ISO 8879. Used to specify the format and layout of both printed and electronic documents. SGML is very complex. Markup languages based on SGML—e.g., HTML, XML—are simplified subsets.
Shallow copy
Refers to a method of cloning—copying—an object in which the clone may be associated to data shared by both the original and the copy. Thus, the original and the clone will both reference the same instances of any objects referenced by the original. In other words, a shallow copy contains copies only of instance variables but not of any objects pointed to by reference variables.
Shared assembly
.NET assembly that can be referenced by multiple applications. A shared assembly must be created with a strong name and loaded into the Global Assembly Cache (GAC).
Shared name
Strong name, published name.
SharePoint
Microsoft SharePoint Portal Server is a Microsoft Office collaboration and information sharing portal.
shim
A shim class is a template class that is placed between a base class and its derived classes in order to provide behavior and-or data which varies in type but is common to derived classes. Derived classes need not reimplement the code.
Side-by-side execution
Concurrent execution of multiple versions of an assembly either in the same computer or process. Taking advantage of side-by-side execution requires careful programming.
Silverlight
A Web-based subset of Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF). Silverlight is founded on XAML and JScript. The Silverlight subset enables Flash-ish Web and mobile applications using the identical code used by Windows .NET applications. 3D features are unsupported; but, vector-based drawing and hardware acceleration (XPS) is supported. Silverlight was named WPF/E— ostensibly an acronym for "Windows Presentation Foundation Everywhere"—while under development.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SMTP is a protocol by which electronic mail is transmitted between computers on a network. SMTP is the standard protocol used to send mail messages on the Internet.
Single-module assembly
.NET assembly in which all components are combined into a single .DLL or .EXE file. It requires no assembly manifest.
SLAM
Specifications, Languages, Analysis, and Model checking project explores the relations among these areas of software development.
Smart Device Extension
SDE is an installable Software Development Kit (SDK) that allows the use of Visual Studio .NET 1.0 to develop .NET applications for handheld devices that support the Windows CE operating system and the .NET Compact Framework, e.g., Pocket PC. SDE is now integrated into Visual Studio .NET.
SOAP
Simple Object Access Protocol is a light-weight, XML-based messaging protocol for encoding Web service request and response messages for transmission over a network. SOAP messages may be carried by various Internet protocols including HTTP, MIME, and SMTP.
SoapSuds Tool
.NET programming tool (SoapSuds.exe) for creating XML schemas for .NET assembly services and for creating assemblies from XML schemas. Used primarily for compiling client applications that communicate with XML Web services via remoting.
Source code
Software is written by developers in source code—a human-readable language like C# or Java. Human-readable languages provide a layer of abstraction above computer-readable instructions which enables complex semantics to be represented more easily.
Spring
A layered Java / J2EE application framework. Spring includes a lightweight container; a common abstraction layer for transaction management; a JDBC abstraction layer with a meaningful exception hierarchy; integration with Toplink, Hibernate, JDO, and iBATIS SQL Maps, AOP functionality, and a flexible MVC web application framework. All Spring functionality is available in any J2EE server: most is available in non-managed environments.
SQL
Structured Query Language is used to describe queries and other operations for the operation of relational databases like Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, and Oracle.
SQL Server
Enterprise-scale, relational database management system (RDBMS) and a Microsoft .NET Enterprise Server product.
SQL Server 2000 Data Transformation Services
Data Transformation Services (DTS) in SQL Server 2000 contains a set of graphical tools and programmable objects which administrators and developers use to address data movement problems—including extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL) of data from multiple sources to multiple destinations. DTS packages comprise sets of constraints, tasks, and workflow operations. They can be collected and scheduled to run at the occurence of an event or periodically.
SQL Server Reporting Services
Reporting Services (RS) is a server based platform for authoring, distibuting, managing, and securing reports from SQL Server 2000 and above. RS can be used for ad hoc, embedded, enterprise, and Web-based reporting. RS is a 100% .NET application.
Stack
Area of program memory for storing local program variables, method parameters, and return values. .NET languages allocate value types on the stack.
Static field, Method
Member variable associated with a type rather than an instance of the type. Static fields are accessible via the type name without instantiation. C# uses the static keyword.
Starlite
Code name of the original Microsoft .NET Compact Framework.
Strong name
Globally unique .NET assembly name. Uses a public key encryption scheme to create a digital signature to ensure a truely unique strong name. The digital signature is also useful for authenticating the assembly creator, encrypting the assembly, and validating that assembly integrity. Strong names are created using the Shared name utility.
Strongly-typed
A strongly-typed programming language is one in which every data type—character, integer, etc.—is predefined in the language; and, only those data types are available to the programmer. Allowable operations are defined for every data type. The compiler enforces data typing and compliance. Strong data typing imposes a rigorous discipline on the programmer eliminating many sources of program error. Visual C# is strongly typed.
Structure
Normally, a structure is a light-weight class used to create user-defined types containing only public fields and no properties. A structure is considered a value type. .NET structures support access modifiers, constructors, indexers, methods, nested types, operators, and properties. Unlike classes, structures do not support custom constructors, destructors, inheritance, or compile-time initialization of instance fields. Performance suffers when using structures in situations where reference types are expected due to Boxing and Unboxing.
Struts
An open-source framework for developing J2EE Web applications using the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design paradigm. Under MVC (Model 2), a Java servlet manages business logic execution while presentation logic resides mainly in JavaServer Pages. Struts both uses and extends the Java Servlet API. The Apache Struts project comprises two distinct frameworks: the Struts Action Framework—the original request-based framework—and the Struts Shale Framework—a component-based framework for JavaServer Faces.
Stylesheet
Specifies the presentation details of a document including font style, layout, and pagination. Can vary document presention for particular media—e.g., , hand-held device, print, Web browser, etc.
System Definition Model
SDM is an XML document that follows a system throughout its life and grows and is updated as a system moves through the stages of its lifecycle. The SDM defines a system including hardware and software resources.
Microsoft brand name for unbundled systems management products.
Microsoft capacity planning tool for corporations designed to model, deploy and manage network resources.
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