.NET
The .NET Framework comprises the :
- Common Language Runtime (CLR);
- .NET Framework Class Library;
- .NET languages including C#;
- Visual Studio.NET IDE.
.NET supports multiple languages making it suitable for cross-platform applications. All .NET languages must comply with the Common Language Specification (CLS)—an agreement encompassing the specifications for .NET languages. Microsoft offers four .NET languages—Visual Basic .NET, Visual C# .NET, Visual C++ .NET with managed extensions, and JScript .NET.
The CLR comprises an execution engine, a garbage collector, a just-in-time (JIT) compiler, a security system, and the .NET Framework fundamentals.
.NET Compact Framework
Down-sized version of the .NET Framework for Windows CE enabling embedded and mobile devices to run .NET applications.
.NET Enterprise Server
Microsoft product family including Application Center, BizTalk Server, Commerce Server, Content Management Server, Exchange Server, Host Integration Server, Internet Security and Acceleration Server, SQL Server, and Windows Server. Previously known as BackOffice Server.
.NET Framework
Microsoft programming infrastructure for creating, deploying, and executing applications and services that use .NET technologies. .NET Framework comprises three major components—ASP.NET, Common Language Runtime (CLR), Framework Class Library (FCL).
.NET Framework 3.0
Formerly known as WinFX—a programming model for Vista and the successor to Microsoft Win32 technology, .NET Framework 3.0 comprises ADO.NET, ASP.NET, Common Language Runtime (CLR), Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), Windows CardSpace (WCS), Windows Workflow (WF), Windows Forms, and Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF).
.NET Framework 3.0 is part of .NET Framework 3.0 which is available natively in the Windows Vista operating system, and may be installed on the Windows XP SP2 and Windows 2003 Server operating systems.
.NET Framework Class Library
FCL is the foundation of providers, types, and services upon which .NET applications are built. The fundamental FCL elements are the classes of the System namespace. It contains the most elemental functions of .NET including value types, the Object type, exception handling support, and garbage collection. Second and third level namespaces provide support for configuration management, file and network I/O, graphics, security, Web services, and many others. FCL is used by all Common Language Specification(CLS)-compliant compilers. FCL is the equivalent of Java Foundation Classes (JFC).
.NET Framework Configuration Tool
.NET programming tool (Mscorcfg.msc) for adjusting code access security policy at the enterprise, machine, and user levels. Also, useful for adding, configuring, and deleting assemblies in the Global Assembly Cache (GAC) and for configuring remoting services.
.NET Languages
Programming languages which—when compiled into Intermediate Language (IL)—create managed code for execution under the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR). .NET languages include Visual Basic .NET, Visual C# .NET, and Visual C++ .NET. Consult a complete list of NET Languages.
.NET Services Installation Tool
.NET programming tool (Regsvcs.exe) for adding managed classes to Windows 2000 Component Services. The Installation Tool loads and registers an assembly, generates, registers, and installs a type library into a specified COM+ 1.0 application.
n-tier architecture
An n-tier application is one that is distributed across two or more distinct computers in a distributed network. n means two or more. The most n-tier architecture is a 3-tier architecture.
Namespace
Set of names accessible at a given point in a program. A namespace is a logical grouping of the names—identifiers—used within an application. Each name within a namespace is unique. A namespace contains only the name of a type, but not the type itself. A developer creates namespaces in order to organize classes into functional units. A namespace of names is analogous to a folder of files; but, unlike the Java system, namespaces do not correspond to folders (directories). For example, the System.IO namespace contains the .NET input-ouput support classes. Also known as name scope.
Native code
Machine-readable instructions native to a particular CPU architecture—e.g., AMD Athlon, Intel x86. Native code assembled for one CPU architecture cannot be executed on another CPU architecture. Also known as machine code or object code.
Native Image Generator Tool
.NET programming tool (Ngen.exe) for compiling an assembly to native machine code and installing it in the local assembly cache. Rather than the MSIL assembly, the native image is used for assembly access during execution. The Common Language Runtime (CLR) reverts to using the MSIL assembly if the native image is removed. Native images load and execute faster than MSIL assemblies which must be Just-In-Time (JIT) compiled by the CLR. Known as pre-JITing, using this tool to create a native image file makes JIT-compiling unnecessary.
NetWare Directory Services
NDS is a popular Novell directory service.
Network Library
A .NET Framework library which supports simple networking services including direct port access and HTTP support. Also known as the Networking Library.
Next-Generation of Windows Services
NGWS is a pre-release code of .NET.
Next-Generation Secure Computing Base
NGSCB is described as a virtual vault within a computer that allows users to store encrypted information and restricts access to authorized entities. Also, provides protection against spyware, Trojan horses, and viruses.
Next-Generation Web Service
NGWS was a pre-release code name for .NET.
NHibernate
A port of the Hibernate Core for Java technology to the .NET Framework.
Null
Represents a null reference. null is the default value of reference type variables. The C# null keyword is a literal that represents a null reference—one that does not refer to any object.
NUnit
A unit-testing framework for all .Net languages. NUnit is a
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